Furnace oil is the major fuel used in oil fired furnaces, especially for reheating and heat
treatment of materials. LDO is used in furnaces where presence of sulphur is undesirable.
The key to efficient furnace operation lies in complete combustion of fuel with minimum
excess air.
Furnaces operate with efficiencies as low as 7% as against upto 90% achievable in
other combustion equipment such as boiler. This is because of the high temperature at
which the furnaces have to operate to meet the required demand. For example, a furnace
heating the stock to 1200o
C will have its exhaust gases leaving atleast at 1200o
C resulting
in a huge heat loss through the stack. However, improvements in efficiencies have been
brought about by methods such as preheating of stock, preheating of combustion air and
other waste heat recovery systems.
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