It is extremely difficult to tell the exact number of various manufacturing processes existing and are being practiced presently because a spectacularly large number of processes have been developed till now and the number is still increasing exponentially with the growing demands and rapid progress in science and technology. However, all such manufacturing processes can be broadly classified in four major groups as follows:
(a) Shaping or forming Manufacturing a solid product of definite size and shape from a given material taken in three possible states: • in solid state – e.g., forging rolling, extrusion, drawing etc. • in liquid or semi-liquid state – e.g., casting, injection moulding etc. • in powder form – e.g., powder metallurgical process.
(b) Joining process Welding, brazing, soldering etc.
(c) Removal process Machining (Traditional or Non-traditional), Grinding etc.
(d) Regenerative manufacturing Production of solid products in layer by layer from raw materials in different form: • liquid – e.g., stereo lithography • powder – e.g., selective sintering • sheet – e.g., LOM (laminated object manufacturing) • wire – e.g., FDM. (Fused Deposition Modelling) Out of the aforesaid groups, Regenerative Manufacturing is the latest one which is generally accomplished very rapidly and quite accurately using CAD and CAM for Rapid Prototyping and Tooling.
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